INDUS CIVILIZATIOn
This civilization existed
between the years 2500-1800 SM. This period experienced
the collapse of the Indus civilization. It is associated
with the coming of the Aryans who brought a new
level of culture and
society Indus . This stage is known as the Vedic Age.
Vedic era was the
beginning of religious life for
the community because
at the time that the
birth of Hinduism. Upon some time rooted in the
Indus Valley, by the seventh century BC, the people turned to the attentionn of the Ganges Valley.
At this time there was the ruling of the raja. There were two forms of government, namely Janapada or small government or big government mahajanapada. Chandragupta Maurya under the rule, small governments was consolidated. In the year 321 S.M. was born the first empire in India. This happened during the reign of the Maurya Dynasty across north India have been consolidated. The dynasty reached its peak during the reign of Asoka glory.
At this time there was the ruling of the raja. There were two forms of government, namely Janapada or small government or big government mahajanapada. Chandragupta Maurya under the rule, small governments was consolidated. In the year 321 S.M. was born the first empire in India. This happened during the reign of the Maurya Dynasty across north India have been consolidated. The dynasty reached its peak during the reign of Asoka glory.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
In the early stages of formation, Indus civilization has two forms of government, a small government and big government. Small government is sectarian attitude with no king. Whereas big government is ruled by the king, example are the government Kashi, Kosala, and Magadha.
In this civilization, the king has absolute power practice. Person's position is then strengthened with various forms of rituals based on the belief that a king is sacred and should be respected. Brahmins who acted as advisers play an important role and this was followed by the Kryatria which is the highest government and is the dominant group.
Maurya Chandragupta empire formed by combining smaller governments in this India. Issue change the status of the king to the emperor. Mauryameliputi Empire Bay of Bengal to the Hindu Kush Mountains. Its capital is located in Paliputra. Maurya Dynasty was the golden age during the reign of Emperor Asoka. Asoka have completed the civil war and conquered Kalinga War. Asoka is more concern and focuses on peace and social progress, he then carry out the conquest through the dissemination of Buddhism and not through the military.
In the early stages of formation, Indus civilization has two forms of government, a small government and big government. Small government is sectarian attitude with no king. Whereas big government is ruled by the king, example are the government Kashi, Kosala, and Magadha.
In this civilization, the king has absolute power practice. Person's position is then strengthened with various forms of rituals based on the belief that a king is sacred and should be respected. Brahmins who acted as advisers play an important role and this was followed by the Kryatria which is the highest government and is the dominant group.
Maurya Chandragupta empire formed by combining smaller governments in this India. Issue change the status of the king to the emperor. Mauryameliputi Empire Bay of Bengal to the Hindu Kush Mountains. Its capital is located in Paliputra. Maurya Dynasty was the golden age during the reign of Emperor Asoka. Asoka have completed the civil war and conquered Kalinga War. Asoka is more concern and focuses on peace and social progress, he then carry out the conquest through the dissemination of Buddhism and not through the military.
ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Among the important trading center including Anga, Kalinga,
and the production
of Karusa weapons, ivory, gold, diamonds and pearls. They have a very strong trade relationship with Macedonia, Sri Lanka, Central Asia and
Southeast Asia. Among the important
port that connects India with foreign countries, including
Tamralipti, Ghantashala, and Kadura in the east, and Broach,
Chaul, Kalyan, and
Cambay in the west.
The rapid development of economic sectors have spurred the existence of trade associations and enterprises, known as Stresthin in each city. The aim of the Society is to control the price, product quality, and salaries of employees. Laws were enacted to regulate the association and the implementation of the law has been monitored king. Currency has been used as a selling medium. During Gupta period, the form of gold coins were used. The use of currency in the process of this transaction has prove that the government in the Indian civilization such as Maurya and Gupta dynasties had implemented a policy of systematic financial and economic. Trading activity since the Great Maurya is supported by the growth in production, especially industrial textiles, cotton and silk.
The rapid development of economic sectors have spurred the existence of trade associations and enterprises, known as Stresthin in each city. The aim of the Society is to control the price, product quality, and salaries of employees. Laws were enacted to regulate the association and the implementation of the law has been monitored king. Currency has been used as a selling medium. During Gupta period, the form of gold coins were used. The use of currency in the process of this transaction has prove that the government in the Indian civilization such as Maurya and Gupta dynasties had implemented a policy of systematic financial and economic. Trading activity since the Great Maurya is supported by the growth in production, especially industrial textiles, cotton and silk.
EDUCATION
Development in the field of education began in the early of Vedik stage. Education at this age are very concerned in the issues about religious and Hindu become the main idea .besides that education at this age is dominated by the men. Women at that time did not have room to receive an education. Education focusing on learning the books of the Vedas and the Sanskrit language is the medium of instruction which is seen as very important. Memorization method is the method used to explore the Vedic scriptures.
Education that is based on Hinduism and Buddhism is to provide a human face day after death. The focus of education is religion. All the rules of hindhu should be studied so that they can live well with the values taught by Hinduism. Higher education was given at the College of Brahman. For attained its status as educated Brahmin pliers, one must memorize the various religious books, especially the Vedas, which contain the rules of ritual, mantra, and religious songs.
PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy exists in two major forms of thought, which is derived from the group. All the contents are found in Veda. Veda consists of the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda. Upanishads, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita is one of the resources found in the Vedic philosophy. While philosophy is not derived from the teachings of the Vedas flow Carvaka, Jainismedan Buddhism.
Philosophy exists in two major forms of thought, which is derived from the group. All the contents are found in Veda. Veda consists of the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda. Upanishads, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita is one of the resources found in the Vedic philosophy. While philosophy is not derived from the teachings of the Vedas flow Carvaka, Jainismedan Buddhism.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Science and technology is a branch of Vedic knowledge. Knowledge of astronomy can be extracted from the Rig Veda. Mathematical civilization existed in India and growing as pest in the Gupta period. Indian mathematicians knew about geometry concepts and have introduced the numerical systems, as example numbers and figures Kharosti System. Brahmin figures were also present in the Greek civilization, which developed due to medical herodianicionic. This field has lead to the focus of society in physiology because of its association with yoga.
ARCHITECTURE
Society has been able to build very well. It can be seen in the buildings that is build at Great Bath building. Since the Indian community living very closely associated with religion, then the field of religious architecture also expands. Therefore, based on construction are looked at Buddhism and Hindu point of view. Among impressive building complex includes the construction of the temple at Ajanta Caves. The complex has 20 temples. Meanwhile Ellora Caves temple complex also has 28 caves and temples built between the fifth century until the eighth century AD.
Ajanta Caves.
LANGUAGE
AND LITERATURE
Group of Dravidian and Indo-Aryan has a different culture and language. For
people Dravidian language of southern India are as Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada
and many others. Language in the early
Vedic Sanskrit is the language that is being use for many centuries.
Indian civilization also produced literature. Hinduism and Buddhism, are among them which is known as the epic Mahabharata and Ramayana. Mahabharata tells the battle between two armies, which is good and evil. Ramayana is the story of the incarnation of god Vishnu as Rama and Sri Lanka battle with the king who kidnapped Rama’s wife, Sita.
SOCIAL SYSTEM
In Indian civilization, one of the important things that need attention in the social system is the existence of caste system. This system is an institution that is very unique and not found in any other world civilization. This system has four main castes, the Brahmins, Ksyatria, Vaisya and Sudra. These four castes have different responsibilities and different point of view. This caste system is known to be the flesh and blood to the Indian social system and the system is followed closely. Based on this system, others, a man cannot marry women from different castes and cannot mix with members of different castes. But this caste system is no longer applied in the 21st century.
Indian civilization also produced literature. Hinduism and Buddhism, are among them which is known as the epic Mahabharata and Ramayana. Mahabharata tells the battle between two armies, which is good and evil. Ramayana is the story of the incarnation of god Vishnu as Rama and Sri Lanka battle with the king who kidnapped Rama’s wife, Sita.
SOCIAL SYSTEM
In Indian civilization, one of the important things that need attention in the social system is the existence of caste system. This system is an institution that is very unique and not found in any other world civilization. This system has four main castes, the Brahmins, Ksyatria, Vaisya and Sudra. These four castes have different responsibilities and different point of view. This caste system is known to be the flesh and blood to the Indian social system and the system is followed closely. Based on this system, others, a man cannot marry women from different castes and cannot mix with members of different castes. But this caste system is no longer applied in the 21st century.
HINDU RELIGION
This religion believes that God
has six streams, namely Saivism, Vaishnavisme, Saktham,
Ganapathyam, Kaumaramdan and Saura. Ever since the Mauryan
empire, religion has become an important point in the civilization. Religious
shows the dominance of the Brahmins. This religion is getting competition from Buddhism during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, especially Asoka. The glory of Hinduism emerged
at the time of the Gupta Empire.
Hindus also believe in the Law of Karma that is associated with human behavior in life and rebirth after death. Rebirth is dependent on Karma and purpose in life was to attain Mosyak, which means absolute freedom. Those who reach this level will be united with God and will not be born again into the world. Thus, a person must do good in his life to achieve the Moksya.
Hindus also believe in the Law of Karma that is associated with human behavior in life and rebirth after death. Rebirth is dependent on Karma and purpose in life was to attain Mosyak, which means absolute freedom. Those who reach this level will be united with God and will not be born again into the world. Thus, a person must do good in his life to achieve the Moksya.
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